feat(quotas): per-user resource limits for VM/LXC deployment

Add per-user quotas (max instances, vCPU, RAM, disk) enforced at deploy
time and surfaced to users self-service.

Backend:
- UserQuota model (one-to-one, NULL = unlimited) + migration #28
- quota_service: usage from vm_instances cache, check_quota raises 429
- enforce in VM (templates.py) and LXC (lxc.py) deploy paths
- RBAC quota:view / quota:manage, granted to admin
- admin API GET/PUT /admin/api/users/{id}/quota
- self-service GET /settings/api/quota
- tighten VM list isolation via can_view_all_instances

Frontend:
- admin quota dialog in UsersPage with usage bars
- quota card on Settings page (own limits)
- remaining-quota hint in CreateInstanceWizard config step
- useUserQuota/useSetUserQuota, useMyQuota hooks; RU/EN locales

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/app/api/proxmox/_helpers.py

@@ -20,43 +20,46 @@ from ...ipam_service import IPAMService
 
 # ==================== Helper Functions for User Isolation ====================
 
+def can_view_all_instances(current_user: User) -> bool:
+    """
+    Whether the user may see/manage *every* instance, not just their own.
+
+    Only administrators — or roles that explicitly grant ``vm:manage`` — get the
+    global view. Every other authenticated user (including users with no role,
+    custom roles, or the stock ``user`` role) is scoped to instances they own.
+
+    Note: ``vm:view`` is deliberately NOT treated as a global view permission.
+    The stock ``user`` role carries ``vm:view`` simply so the instances feature
+    is usable at all; granting it would let any tenant see every VM.
+    """
+    if getattr(current_user, 'is_admin', False):
+        return True
+    role = current_user.role
+    if role and role.name == 'admin':
+        return True
+    perms = (role.permissions if role else None) or {}
+    return bool(perms.get('vm:manage', False))
+
+
 def check_vm_access(db: Session, current_user: User, server_id: int, vmid: int) -> bool:
     """
     Check if user has access to a specific VM instance.
 
-    Admins and users with 'vms:view' permission can access all VMs.
+    Admins (and roles granting ``vm:manage``) can access all VMs. Everyone else
-    Users with 'user' role can only access VMs where they are the owner.
+    can only access VMs where they are the owner.
 
     Returns True if access is allowed, False otherwise.
     """
-    # Admin role has full access
+    if can_view_all_instances(current_user):
-    if current_user.role and current_user.role.name == 'admin':
         return True
 
-    # Check permissions
+    instance = db.query(VMInstance).filter(
-    if current_user.role and current_user.role.permissions:
+        VMInstance.server_id == server_id,
-        perms = current_user.role.permissions
+        VMInstance.vmid == vmid,
-        # If user has full vms:view, they can access all VMs
+        VMInstance.deleted_at.is_(None)
-        has_full_view = perms.get('vm:view', False) or perms.get('vms:view', False)
+    ).first()
-        has_own_only = perms.get('vms:view:own', False) or perms.get('vms.view.own', False)
 
-        if has_full_view and not has_own_only:
+    return bool(instance and instance.owner_id == current_user.id)
-            return True
-
-    # For limited users, check ownership
-    if current_user.role and current_user.role.name == 'user':
-        instance = db.query(VMInstance).filter(
-            VMInstance.server_id == server_id,
-            VMInstance.vmid == vmid,
-            VMInstance.deleted_at.is_(None)
-        ).first()
-
-        if instance and instance.owner_id == current_user.id:
-            return True
-        return False
-
-    # Default: allow access (for backwards compatibility)
-    return True
 
 
 def require_vm_access(db: Session, current_user: User, server_id: int, vmid: int):

backend/app/api/proxmox/lxc.py

@@ -448,6 +448,10 @@ async def deploy_lxc_from_template(
             raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Owner user not found")
         instance_owner_id = owner.id
 
+    # Enforce per-user resource quota (no-op if owner has no quota set)
+    from ...services.quota_service import check_quota
+    check_quota(db, instance_owner_id, add_cores=req.cores, add_memory_mb=req.memory, add_disk_gb=req.disk)
+
     if req.ssh_key_ids:
         from ..ssh_keys import resolve_ssh_keys_for_deploy
         resolved = resolve_ssh_keys_for_deploy(db, current_user, req.ssh_key_ids, instance_owner_id)

backend/app/api/proxmox/vms.py

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ from ...logging_service import LoggingService
 from ...ipam_service import IPAMService
 from ._helpers import (check_vm_access, require_vm_access, _get_proxmox_client,
                         get_next_vmid, archive_and_delete_snapshots,
-                        save_vm_instance, get_vm_instance, soft_delete_vm_instance)
+                        save_vm_instance, get_vm_instance, soft_delete_vm_instance,
+                        can_view_all_instances)
 from ...services.metrics_history import query_instance_metrics, timeframe_to_range
 
 router = APIRouter()
@@ -146,21 +147,11 @@ def get_all_virtual_machines(
     if workspace_server_ids is not None:
         query = query.filter(VMInstance.server_id.in_(workspace_server_ids))
     
-    # VPS-style user isolation: users with 'user' role see only their own instances
+    # VPS-style user isolation: only admins (or roles granting vm:manage) see
-    # Check if user has 'vm:view' but not 'vms.view:all' (or is user role)
+    # every instance. Everyone else — including users with no role or a custom
-    user_role = current_user.role.name if current_user.role else None
+    # role — is restricted to instances they own. See can_view_all_instances.
-    is_limited_user = user_role == 'user'
+    if not can_view_all_instances(current_user):
-    
+        query = query.filter(VMInstance.owner_id == current_user.id)
-    # Also check permission-based isolation
-    if hasattr(current_user, 'role') and current_user.role:
-        perms = current_user.role.permissions or {}
-        # If user has vms:view:own but not vms:view (full), filter by owner
-        has_view_own = perms.get('vms:view:own', False) or perms.get('vms.view.own', False)
-        has_view_all = perms.get('vms:view', False) or perms.get('vm:view', False)
-        
-        # Limited users can only see their own VMs
-        if is_limited_user or (has_view_own and not has_view_all):
-            query = query.filter(VMInstance.owner_id == current_user.id)
     
     cached_vms = query.order_by(VMInstance.name).all()
 

backend/app/api/settings.py

@@ -123,6 +123,30 @@ async def get_profile(
     }
 
 
+@router.get("/api/quota")
+async def get_my_quota(
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)
+):
+    """Get the current user's own resource quota and usage (self-service)."""
+    from ..models import UserQuota
+    from ..services.quota_service import get_user_usage
+
+    quota = db.query(UserQuota).filter(UserQuota.user_id == current_user.id).first()
+    usage = get_user_usage(db, current_user.id)
+    return {
+        "user_id": current_user.id,
+        "max_instances": quota.max_instances if quota else None,
+        "max_cores": quota.max_cores if quota else None,
+        "max_memory_mb": quota.max_memory_mb if quota else None,
+        "max_disk_gb": quota.max_disk_gb if quota else None,
+        "used_instances": usage["instances"],
+        "used_cores": usage["cores"],
+        "used_memory_mb": usage["memory_mb"],
+        "used_disk_gb": usage["disk_gb"],
+    }
+
+
 @router.put("/api/profile")
 async def update_profile(
     data: UpdateProfileRequest,

backend/app/api/templates.py

@@ -1044,6 +1044,10 @@ async def deploy_vm_from_template(
             raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Owner user not found")
         instance_owner_id = owner.id
 
+    # Enforce per-user resource quota (no-op if owner has no quota set)
+    from ..services.quota_service import check_quota
+    check_quota(db, instance_owner_id, add_cores=cores, add_memory_mb=memory, add_disk_gb=disk)
+
     if deploy_data.ssh_key_ids:
         from .ssh_keys import resolve_ssh_keys_for_deploy
         resolved = resolve_ssh_keys_for_deploy(

backend/app/api/users.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, EmailStr
 from loguru import logger
 
 from ..db import get_db
-from ..models import User, Role, ProxmoxServer, Workspace, WorkspaceServer, WorkspaceUser
+from ..models import User, Role, ProxmoxServer, Workspace, WorkspaceServer, WorkspaceUser, UserQuota
 from ..auth import (
     get_password_hash,
     get_current_user,
@@ -115,6 +115,27 @@ class SecuritySettingsUpdate(BaseModel):
     password_require_special: Optional[bool] = None
 
 
+class QuotaUpdate(BaseModel):
+    """All fields optional; None / omitted clears the limit (unlimited)."""
+    max_instances: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0)
+    max_cores: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0)
+    max_memory_mb: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0)
+    max_disk_gb: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0)
+
+
+class QuotaResponse(BaseModel):
+    user_id: int
+    max_instances: Optional[int] = None
+    max_cores: Optional[int] = None
+    max_memory_mb: Optional[int] = None
+    max_disk_gb: Optional[int] = None
+    # Current usage from the vm_instances cache
+    used_instances: int = 0
+    used_cores: int = 0
+    used_memory_mb: int = 0
+    used_disk_gb: int = 0
+
+
 # ==================== Role API ====================
 
 @router.get("/api/roles", response_model=List[RoleResponse])
@@ -717,6 +738,98 @@ async def set_user_servers(
     return {"message": "Servers assigned successfully", "server_ids": [s.id for s in servers]}
 
 
+# ==================== User Quota API ====================
+
+@router.get("/api/users/{user_id}/quota", response_model=QuotaResponse)
+async def get_user_quota(
+    user_id: int,
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: User = Depends(PermissionChecker("quota:view"))
+):
+    """Get a user's resource quota plus current usage.
+
+    If the user has no quota row, all limits are returned as null (unlimited).
+    """
+    from ..services.quota_service import get_user_usage
+
+    user = db.query(User).filter(User.id == user_id).first()
+    if not user:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="User not found")
+
+    quota = db.query(UserQuota).filter(UserQuota.user_id == user_id).first()
+    usage = get_user_usage(db, user_id)
+
+    return QuotaResponse(
+        user_id=user_id,
+        max_instances=quota.max_instances if quota else None,
+        max_cores=quota.max_cores if quota else None,
+        max_memory_mb=quota.max_memory_mb if quota else None,
+        max_disk_gb=quota.max_disk_gb if quota else None,
+        used_instances=usage["instances"],
+        used_cores=usage["cores"],
+        used_memory_mb=usage["memory_mb"],
+        used_disk_gb=usage["disk_gb"],
+    )
+
+
+@router.put("/api/users/{user_id}/quota", response_model=QuotaResponse)
+async def set_user_quota(
+    user_id: int,
+    data: QuotaUpdate,
+    request: Request,
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: User = Depends(PermissionChecker("quota:manage"))
+):
+    """Upsert a user's resource quota. A null/omitted field clears that limit."""
+    from ..services.quota_service import get_user_usage
+
+    user = db.query(User).filter(User.id == user_id).first()
+    if not user:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="User not found")
+
+    quota = db.query(UserQuota).filter(UserQuota.user_id == user_id).first()
+    if quota is None:
+        quota = UserQuota(user_id=user_id)
+        db.add(quota)
+
+    quota.max_instances = data.max_instances
+    quota.max_cores = data.max_cores
+    quota.max_memory_mb = data.max_memory_mb
+    quota.max_disk_gb = data.max_disk_gb
+    db.commit()
+
+    LoggingService.log(
+        db=db,
+        level=LoggingService.INFO,
+        category=LoggingService.AUTH,
+        action="user_quota_updated",
+        message=(
+            f"Quota set for '{user.username}' by {current_user.username}: "
+            f"instances={data.max_instances}, cores={data.max_cores}, "
+            f"memory_mb={data.max_memory_mb}, disk_gb={data.max_disk_gb}"
+        ),
+        username=current_user.username,
+        user_id=current_user.id,
+        ip_address=get_client_ip(request),
+        resource_type="user",
+        resource_id=str(user.id),
+        resource_name=user.username
+    )
+
+    usage = get_user_usage(db, user_id)
+    return QuotaResponse(
+        user_id=user_id,
+        max_instances=quota.max_instances,
+        max_cores=quota.max_cores,
+        max_memory_mb=quota.max_memory_mb,
+        max_disk_gb=quota.max_disk_gb,
+        used_instances=usage["instances"],
+        used_cores=usage["cores"],
+        used_memory_mb=usage["memory_mb"],
+        used_disk_gb=usage["disk_gb"],
+    )
+
+
 @router.post("/api/users/{user_id}/reset-password")
 async def reset_user_password(
     user_id: int,

backend/app/models/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from .base import *
-from .auth import Role, user_servers, User, ActiveSession, LoginAttempt, BlockedIP, UserSSHKey, PasswordResetToken
+from .auth import Role, user_servers, User, ActiveSession, LoginAttempt, BlockedIP, UserSSHKey, PasswordResetToken, UserQuota
 from .proxmox import OSTemplateGroup, OSTemplate, ProxmoxServer, VMInstance, VMSnapshotArchive
 from .ipam import IPAMNetwork, IPAMPool, IPAMAllocation, IPAMHistory
 from .tasks import TaskQueue, ProxmoxTask, DeployTask
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from .catalog import ImageMirror
 
 __all__ = [
     'Base', 'utcnow',
-    'Role', 'user_servers', 'User', 'ActiveSession', 'LoginAttempt', 'BlockedIP', 'UserSSHKey', 'PasswordResetToken',
+    'Role', 'user_servers', 'User', 'ActiveSession', 'LoginAttempt', 'BlockedIP', 'UserSSHKey', 'PasswordResetToken', 'UserQuota',
     'OSTemplateGroup', 'OSTemplate', 'ProxmoxServer', 'VMInstance', 'VMSnapshotArchive',
     'IPAMNetwork', 'IPAMPool', 'IPAMAllocation', 'IPAMHistory',
     'TaskQueue', 'ProxmoxTask', 'DeployTask',

backend/app/models/auth.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from .base import *
+from sqlalchemy.orm import backref
 
 # Association table: User <-> ProxmoxServer (assigned servers)
 user_servers = Table(
@@ -116,6 +117,30 @@ class User(Base):
     def __repr__(self):
         return f"<User(id={self.id}, username='{self.username}', is_admin={self.is_admin})>"
 
+class UserQuota(Base):
+    """Per-user resource quota (limits).
+
+    A row is created only when an admin sets at least one limit. Absence of a
+    row — or a ``NULL`` value in any column — means *unlimited* for that metric.
+    Memory is stored in MB and disk in GB, matching the units used by the
+    ``vm_instances`` cache (see monitoring worker conversions).
+    """
+    __tablename__ = "user_quotas"
+
+    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)
+    user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), unique=True, nullable=False, index=True)
+    max_instances = Column(Integer, nullable=True)   # NULL = unlimited
+    max_cores = Column(Integer, nullable=True)        # sum of vCPUs
+    max_memory_mb = Column(Integer, nullable=True)    # sum of RAM in MB
+    max_disk_gb = Column(Integer, nullable=True)      # sum of disk in GB
+    created_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), nullable=False)
+    updated_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now(), nullable=False)
+
+    user = relationship("User", backref=backref("quota", uselist=False, cascade="all, delete-orphan"))
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<UserQuota(user_id={self.user_id})>"
+
 class PasswordResetToken(Base):
     """One-time tokens for the self-service 'forgot password' flow.
 

backend/app/rbac/migration.py

@@ -71,6 +71,9 @@ NEW_DEFAULT_ROLES = [
             "user:update": True,
             "user:delete": True,
             "user:manage": True,
+            # Quotas
+            "quota:view": True,
+            "quota:manage": True,
             # Roles
             "role:view": True,
             "role:create": True,

backend/app/rbac/permissions.py

@@ -528,6 +528,22 @@ def _create_permissions() -> PermissionRegistry:
         requires=["user:view"]
     ))
 
+    # Quota permissions
+    registry.register(Permission(
+        resource="quota", action="view",
+        display_name="View Quotas",
+        description="View user resource quotas",
+        category="User Management",
+        requires=["user:view"]
+    ))
+    registry.register(Permission(
+        resource="quota", action="manage",
+        display_name="Manage Quotas",
+        description="Set user resource quotas",
+        category="User Management",
+        requires=["user:view"]
+    ))
+
     # Role management permissions
     registry.register(Permission(
         resource="role", action="view",

backend/app/services/quota_service.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+"""
+Quota Service - Per-user resource limits (quotas)
+
+Enforces per-user limits on the number of instances and the summed vCPU, RAM
+and disk across a user's VMs/LXC. Current usage is computed from the
+``vm_instances`` cache (column ``owner_id``), where ``memory`` is stored in MB
+and ``disk_size`` in GB by convention (see the monitoring worker conversions),
+so no unit conversion is needed here.
+
+A missing ``UserQuota`` row — or a ``NULL`` column — means *unlimited* for that
+metric, so users without an explicit quota (including admins) are never blocked.
+"""
+
+from typing import Dict
+from fastapi import HTTPException
+from sqlalchemy import func
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from ..models import VMInstance, UserQuota
+
+
+def get_user_usage(db: Session, user_id: int) -> Dict[str, int]:
+    """Return current resource usage for a user from the vm_instances cache.
+
+    Only non-deleted instances owned by the user are counted.
+    """
+    row = (
+        db.query(
+            func.count(VMInstance.id),
+            func.coalesce(func.sum(VMInstance.cores), 0),
+            func.coalesce(func.sum(VMInstance.memory), 0),
+            func.coalesce(func.sum(VMInstance.disk_size), 0),
+        )
+        .filter(
+            VMInstance.owner_id == user_id,
+            VMInstance.deleted_at.is_(None),
+            VMInstance.is_template.isnot(True),
+        )
+        .one()
+    )
+    return {
+        "instances": int(row[0] or 0),
+        "cores": int(row[1] or 0),
+        "memory_mb": int(row[2] or 0),
+        "disk_gb": int(row[3] or 0),
+    }
+
+
+def check_quota(
+    db: Session,
+    owner_id: int,
+    add_cores: int = 0,
+    add_memory_mb: int = 0,
+    add_disk_gb: int = 0,
+) -> None:
+    """Raise HTTP 429 if deploying a new instance would exceed the user's quota.
+
+    Each metric is checked independently; a ``NULL`` limit (or no quota row)
+    skips that metric.
+    """
+    quota = db.query(UserQuota).filter(UserQuota.user_id == owner_id).first()
+    if quota is None:
+        return
+
+    usage = get_user_usage(db, owner_id)
+
+    checks = [
+        (quota.max_instances, usage["instances"] + 1, "инстансов", "instances"),
+        (quota.max_cores, usage["cores"] + (add_cores or 0), "vCPU (ядер)", "vCPU"),
+        (quota.max_memory_mb, usage["memory_mb"] + (add_memory_mb or 0), "MB памяти", "MB of RAM"),
+        (quota.max_disk_gb, usage["disk_gb"] + (add_disk_gb or 0), "GB диска", "GB of disk"),
+    ]
+
+    for limit, projected, unit_ru, unit_en in checks:
+        if limit is not None and projected > limit:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=429,
+                detail=(
+                    f"Превышена квота: {projected} > {limit} {unit_ru}. "
+                    f"Quota exceeded: {projected} > {limit} {unit_en}."
+                ),
+            )

backend/migrations/migrations.py

@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ DEFAULT_ROLES = [
             "users.create": True,
             "users.edit": True,
             "users.delete": True,
+            "quota:view": True,
+            "quota:manage": True,
             "roles.view": True,
             "roles.manage": True,
             "notifications.manage": True,
@@ -1401,6 +1403,33 @@ def migrate_password_reset_tokens(conn):
     logger.info("✓ password_reset_tokens table created")
 
 
+def migrate_user_quotas(conn):
+    """Migration 28: Create user_quotas table for per-user resource limits.
+
+    No default rows are inserted — absence of a row (or a NULL column) means
+    unlimited for that metric.
+    """
+    if table_exists(conn, 'user_quotas'):
+        logger.info("✓ user_quotas table already exists")
+        return
+
+    logger.info("Creating user_quotas table...")
+    conn.execute(text("""
+        CREATE TABLE user_quotas (
+            id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+            user_id INTEGER NOT NULL UNIQUE REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+            max_instances INTEGER,
+            max_cores INTEGER,
+            max_memory_mb INTEGER,
+            max_disk_gb INTEGER,
+            created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+            updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+        )
+    """))
+    conn.execute(text("CREATE INDEX idx_user_quotas_user ON user_quotas(user_id)"))
+    logger.info("✓ user_quotas table created")
+
+
 def run_all_migrations(engine, db_session=None):
     """
     Run all migrations in order.
@@ -1631,6 +1660,14 @@ def run_all_migrations(engine, db_session=None):
                 logger.warning(f"Password reset tokens migration: {e}")
                 conn.rollback()
 
+            # Migration 28: user_quotas table
+            try:
+                migrate_user_quotas(conn)
+                conn.commit()
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(f"User quotas migration: {e}")
+                conn.rollback()
+
         logger.info("=" * 50)
         logger.info("✓ All migrations completed successfully")
         logger.info("=" * 50)

frontend/src/features/instances/CreateInstanceWizard.tsx

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { useState } from 'react';
 import { useNavigate } from 'react-router';
 import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import { useMutation } from '@tanstack/react-query';
-import { Server, Cpu, CheckCircle, ChevronLeft, ChevronRight, Loader2, Monitor, Container, HardDrive, KeyRound } from 'lucide-react';
+import { Server, Cpu, CheckCircle, ChevronLeft, ChevronRight, Loader2, Monitor, Container, HardDrive, KeyRound, Gauge } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
 import { Label } from '@/components/ui/label';
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import { useTemplates, useTemplateGroups } from '@/hooks/use-templates';
 import { useIPAMNetworks } from '@/hooks/use-ipam';
 import { useLXCTemplates, useLXCStorages, useDeployLXC } from '@/hooks/use-lxc-templates';
 import { useMySSHKeys, useUserSSHKeys } from '@/hooks/use-ssh-keys';
-import { useProfile } from '@/hooks/use-settings';
+import { useProfile, useMyQuota } from '@/hooks/use-settings';
 import { useUsers } from '@/hooks/use-users';
 import { apiClient } from '@/lib/api-client';
 import { useDeployTasksStore } from '@/stores/deploy-tasks-store';
@@ -418,6 +418,7 @@ export default function CreateInstanceWizard({ onClose }: { onClose?: () => void
       {step === 'config' && kind === 'vm' && (
         <div className="space-y-6">
           <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold">{t('wizard.configure')}</h3>
+          <QuotaHint addCores={config.cores} addMemoryMb={config.memory} addDiskGb={config.disk} />
           <div className="grid gap-6 sm:grid-cols-2">
             {/* Basic */}
             <Card>
@@ -566,6 +567,7 @@ export default function CreateInstanceWizard({ onClose }: { onClose?: () => void
       {step === 'config' && kind === 'lxc' && (
         <div className="space-y-6">
           <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold">{t('wizard.configure')}</h3>
+          <QuotaHint addCores={lxcConfig.cores} addMemoryMb={lxcConfig.memory} addDiskGb={lxcConfig.disk} />
           <div className="grid gap-6 sm:grid-cols-2">
             {/* Basic */}
             <Card>
@@ -788,6 +790,48 @@ function Row({ label, value }: { label: string; value: string }) {
   );
 }
 
+/**
+ * Shows the deploying user's remaining quota at the config step, projecting the
+ * currently-entered resources. Hidden when the user has no quota set.
+ * Note: reflects the current user's quota (the common self-deploy case), not an
+ * admin-selected owner's quota.
+ */
+function QuotaHint({ addCores, addMemoryMb, addDiskGb }: { addCores: number; addMemoryMb: number; addDiskGb: number }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const { data: q } = useMyQuota();
+
+  const hasAnyLimit = q && (
+    q.max_instances !== null || q.max_cores !== null ||
+    q.max_memory_mb !== null || q.max_disk_gb !== null
+  );
+  if (!q || !hasAnyLimit) return null;
+
+  const rows: Array<{ label: string; used: number; add: number; limit: number | null }> = [
+    { label: t('users.quota.instances'), used: q.used_instances, add: 1, limit: q.max_instances },
+    { label: t('common.vcpu'), used: q.used_cores, add: addCores, limit: q.max_cores },
+    { label: t('wizard.memory_mb'), used: q.used_memory_mb, add: addMemoryMb, limit: q.max_memory_mb },
+    { label: t('wizard.disk_gb'), used: q.used_disk_gb, add: addDiskGb, limit: q.max_disk_gb },
+  ];
+
+  return (
+    <Card className="border-amber-500/40">
+      <CardHeader className="pb-3"><CardTitle className="text-sm flex items-center gap-2"><Gauge className="h-4 w-4" />{t('users.quota.manage')}</CardTitle></CardHeader>
+      <CardContent className="grid gap-2 sm:grid-cols-2">
+        {rows.filter(r => r.limit !== null).map(r => {
+          const projected = r.used + r.add;
+          const over = projected > (r.limit as number);
+          return (
+            <div key={r.label} className="flex items-center justify-between text-xs rounded-md border px-2.5 py-1.5">
+              <span className="text-muted-foreground">{r.label}</span>
+              <span className={over ? 'text-destructive font-medium' : ''}>{projected} / {r.limit}</span>
+            </div>
+          );
+        })}
+      </CardContent>
+    </Card>
+  );
+}
+
 function SSHOwnerSelector({
   users, value, onChange,
 }: {

frontend/src/features/settings/SettingsPage.tsx

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import { Badge } from '@/components/ui/badge';
 import { toast } from 'sonner';
 import {
   useProfile, useUpdateProfile, useChangePassword,
+  useMyQuota,
   usePanelSettings, useUpdatePanelSettings,
   useSecuritySettings, useUpdateSecuritySettings,
   useNotificationChannels, useUpdateSMTP, useUpdateTelegram,
@@ -111,10 +112,57 @@ function ProfileTab() {
           }}>{t('settings.change_password')}</Button>
         </CardContent>
       </Card>
+      <QuotaCard />
     </div>
   );
 }
 
+function QuotaCard() {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const { data: quota, isLoading } = useMyQuota();
+
+  // Hide the card entirely if the user has no limits set (all unlimited)
+  const hasAnyLimit = quota && (
+    quota.max_instances !== null || quota.max_cores !== null ||
+    quota.max_memory_mb !== null || quota.max_disk_gb !== null
+  );
+  if (isLoading || !quota || !hasAnyLimit) return null;
+
+  const rows: Array<{ label: string; used: number; limit: number | null }> = [
+    { label: t('users.quota.instances'), used: quota.used_instances, limit: quota.max_instances },
+    { label: t('users.quota.cores'), used: quota.used_cores, limit: quota.max_cores },
+    { label: t('users.quota.memory_mb'), used: quota.used_memory_mb, limit: quota.max_memory_mb },
+    { label: t('users.quota.disk_gb'), used: quota.used_disk_gb, limit: quota.max_disk_gb },
+  ];
+
+  return (
+    <Card>
+      <CardHeader><CardTitle className="text-sm">{t('users.quota.manage')}</CardTitle></CardHeader>
+      <CardContent className="space-y-4">
+        {rows.map(r => {
+          const pct = r.limit && r.limit > 0 ? Math.min(100, (r.used / r.limit) * 100) : 0;
+          const over = r.limit !== null && r.used > r.limit;
+          return (
+            <div key={r.label} className="space-y-1.5">
+              <div className="flex items-center justify-between text-sm">
+                <span>{r.label}</span>
+                <span className={over ? 'text-destructive' : 'text-muted-foreground'}>
+                  {r.used}{r.limit !== null ? ` / ${r.limit}` : ` / ${t('users.quota.unlimited')}`}
+                </span>
+              </div>
+              {r.limit !== null && (
+                <div className="h-1.5 rounded-full bg-muted overflow-hidden">
+                  <div className={`h-full ${over ? 'bg-destructive' : 'bg-primary'}`} style={{ width: `${pct}%` }} />
+                </div>
+              )}
+            </div>
+          );
+        })}
+      </CardContent>
+    </Card>
+  );
+}
+
 function PanelTab() {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { data: settings } = usePanelSettings();

frontend/src/features/users/UsersPage.tsx

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import { toast } from 'sonner';
 import {
-  Search, Plus, Shield, Trash2, RotateCcw, Unlock, Pencil, Server, LogOut, Ban, KeyRound,
+  Search, Plus, Shield, Trash2, RotateCcw, Unlock, Pencil, Server, LogOut, Ban, KeyRound, Gauge,
 } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Tabs, TabsContent, TabsList, TabsTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tabs';
 import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from '@/components/ui/card';
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import {
   useRoles, useCreateRole, useUpdateRole, useDeleteRole, usePermissions,
   useSessions, useTerminateSession, useTerminateAllSessions,
   useUserServerAssignments, useSetUserServers,
+  useUserQuota, useSetUserQuota,
   useSecuritySettings, useUpdateSecuritySettings,
   useBlockedIps, useBlockIp, useUnblockIp, useSecurityEvents,
   type Role, type SecuritySettings,
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ function UsersTab() {
   const [editUser, setEditUser] = useState<User | null>(null);
   const [resetUser, setResetUser] = useState<User | null>(null);
   const [serversUser, setServersUser] = useState<User | null>(null);
+  const [quotaUser, setQuotaUser] = useState<User | null>(null);
   const [sshUser, setSshUser] = useState<User | null>(null);
 
   const { data: users = [] } = useUsers();
@@ -175,6 +177,13 @@ function UsersTab() {
                       >
                         <Server className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
                       </Button>
+                      <Button
+                        variant="ghost" size="icon" className="h-7 w-7"
+                        title={t('users.quota.manage')}
+                        onClick={() => setQuotaUser(u)}
+                      >
+                        <Gauge className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+                      </Button>
                       <Button
                         variant="ghost" size="icon" className="h-7 w-7"
                         title={t('ssh_keys.manage_for_user')}
@@ -258,6 +267,13 @@ function UsersTab() {
           onOpenChange={o => !o && setServersUser(null)}
         />
       )}
+      {quotaUser && (
+        <UserQuotaDialog
+          user={quotaUser}
+          open={!!quotaUser}
+          onOpenChange={o => !o && setQuotaUser(null)}
+        />
+      )}
       {sshUser && (
         <UserSSHKeysDialog
           user={sshUser}
@@ -607,6 +623,123 @@ function UserServersForm({
   );
 }
 
+// ==================== User Quota Dialog ====================
+
+function UserQuotaDialog({
+  user, open, onOpenChange,
+}: { user: User; open: boolean; onOpenChange: (o: boolean) => void }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const { data, isLoading } = useUserQuota(user.id);
+
+  return (
+    <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={onOpenChange}>
+      <DialogContent>
+        <DialogHeader>
+          <DialogTitle>{t('users.quota.manage')}: {user.username}</DialogTitle>
+        </DialogHeader>
+        {isLoading || !data ? (
+          <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground py-4">{t('common.loading')}</p>
+        ) : (
+          <UserQuotaForm user={user} data={data} onClose={() => onOpenChange(false)} />
+        )}
+      </DialogContent>
+    </Dialog>
+  );
+}
+
+function UserQuotaForm({
+  user, data, onClose,
+}: {
+  user: User;
+  data: NonNullable<ReturnType<typeof useUserQuota>['data']>;
+  onClose: () => void;
+}) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const setQuota = useSetUserQuota();
+
+  // Empty string = unlimited
+  const toField = (v: number | null) => (v === null || v === undefined ? '' : String(v));
+  const [instances, setInstances] = useState(toField(data.max_instances));
+  const [cores, setCores] = useState(toField(data.max_cores));
+  const [memory, setMemory] = useState(toField(data.max_memory_mb));
+  const [disk, setDisk] = useState(toField(data.max_disk_gb));
+
+  const parse = (v: string): number | null => {
+    const trimmed = v.trim();
+    if (trimmed === '') return null;
+    const n = Number(trimmed);
+    return Number.isFinite(n) && n >= 0 ? Math.floor(n) : null;
+  };
+
+  const submit = () => {
+    setQuota.mutate(
+      {
+        userId: user.id,
+        max_instances: parse(instances),
+        max_cores: parse(cores),
+        max_memory_mb: parse(memory),
+        max_disk_gb: parse(disk),
+      },
+      {
+        onSuccess: () => { onClose(); toast.success(t('users.quota.saved')); },
+        onError: e => toast.error(getErrMsg(e)),
+      }
+    );
+  };
+
+  const fields: Array<{
+    label: string; value: string; set: (v: string) => void; used: number; limit: number | null;
+  }> = [
+    { label: t('users.quota.instances'), value: instances, set: setInstances, used: data.used_instances, limit: parse(instances) },
+    { label: t('users.quota.cores'), value: cores, set: setCores, used: data.used_cores, limit: parse(cores) },
+    { label: t('users.quota.memory_mb'), value: memory, set: setMemory, used: data.used_memory_mb, limit: parse(memory) },
+    { label: t('users.quota.disk_gb'), value: disk, set: setDisk, used: data.used_disk_gb, limit: parse(disk) },
+  ];
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      <div className="space-y-4">
+        <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t('users.quota.hint')}</p>
+        {fields.map(f => {
+          const pct = f.limit && f.limit > 0 ? Math.min(100, (f.used / f.limit) * 100) : 0;
+          const over = f.limit !== null && f.used > f.limit;
+          return (
+            <div key={f.label} className="space-y-1.5">
+              <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+                <Label className="text-sm">{f.label}</Label>
+                <span className={`text-xs ${over ? 'text-destructive' : 'text-muted-foreground'}`}>
+                  {t('users.quota.used')}: {f.used}
+                  {f.limit !== null ? ` / ${f.limit}` : ` / ${t('users.quota.unlimited')}`}
+                </span>
+              </div>
+              <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
+                <Input
+                  type="number"
+                  min={0}
+                  value={f.value}
+                  onChange={e => f.set(e.target.value)}
+                  placeholder={t('users.quota.unlimited')}
+                  className="w-40"
+                />
+                <div className="flex-1 h-1.5 rounded-full bg-muted overflow-hidden">
+                  <div
+                    className={`h-full ${over ? 'bg-destructive' : 'bg-primary'}`}
+                    style={{ width: `${pct}%` }}
+                  />
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          );
+        })}
+      </div>
+      <DialogFooter>
+        <DialogClose render={<Button variant="outline" />}>{t('common.cancel')}</DialogClose>
+        <Button onClick={submit} disabled={setQuota.isPending}>{t('common.save')}</Button>
+      </DialogFooter>
+    </>
+  );
+}
+
 function UserSSHKeysDialog({
   user, open, onOpenChange,
 }: { user: User; open: boolean; onOpenChange: (o: boolean) => void }) {

frontend/src/hooks/use-settings.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { apiClient } from '@/lib/api-client';
 
 export const settingsKeys = {
   profile: ['settings-profile'] as const,
+  quota: ['settings-quota'] as const,
   panel: ['settings-panel'] as const,
   security: ['settings-security'] as const,
   channels: ['notification-channels'] as const,
@@ -59,6 +60,25 @@ export function useProfile() {
   });
 }
 
+export interface MyQuota {
+  user_id: number;
+  max_instances: number | null;
+  max_cores: number | null;
+  max_memory_mb: number | null;
+  max_disk_gb: number | null;
+  used_instances: number;
+  used_cores: number;
+  used_memory_mb: number;
+  used_disk_gb: number;
+}
+
+export function useMyQuota() {
+  return useQuery({
+    queryKey: settingsKeys.quota,
+    queryFn: () => apiClient.get<MyQuota>('/settings/api/quota'),
+  });
+}
+
 export function useUpdateProfile() {
   const qc = useQueryClient();
   return useMutation({

frontend/src/hooks/use-users.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ export const userKeys = {
   users: ['users'] as const,
   user: (id: number) => ['user', id] as const,
   userServers: (id: number) => ['user-server-assignments', id] as const,
+  userQuota: (id: number) => ['user-quota', id] as const,
   roles: ['roles'] as const,
   permissions: ['permissions-v2'] as const,
   sessions: ['sessions'] as const,
@@ -208,6 +209,47 @@ export function useSetUserServers() {
   });
 }
 
+// ==================== User → Quota ====================
+
+export interface UserQuota {
+  user_id: number;
+  max_instances: number | null;
+  max_cores: number | null;
+  max_memory_mb: number | null;
+  max_disk_gb: number | null;
+  used_instances: number;
+  used_cores: number;
+  used_memory_mb: number;
+  used_disk_gb: number;
+}
+
+export interface SetUserQuotaPayload {
+  max_instances?: number | null;
+  max_cores?: number | null;
+  max_memory_mb?: number | null;
+  max_disk_gb?: number | null;
+}
+
+export function useUserQuota(userId: number) {
+  return useQuery({
+    queryKey: userKeys.userQuota(userId),
+    queryFn: () => apiClient.get<UserQuota>(`/admin/api/users/${userId}/quota`),
+    enabled: userId > 0,
+  });
+}
+
+export function useSetUserQuota() {
+  const qc = useQueryClient();
+  return useMutation({
+    mutationFn: ({ userId, ...data }: { userId: number } & SetUserQuotaPayload) =>
+      apiClient.put<UserQuota>(`/admin/api/users/${userId}/quota`, data),
+    onSuccess: (_, vars) => {
+      qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: userKeys.userQuota(vars.userId) });
+      qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: userKeys.users });
+    },
+  });
+}
+
 // ==================== Roles ====================
 
 export function useRoles() {

frontend/src/layouts/AppLayout.tsx

@@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ interface NavItem {
   label: string;
   icon: React.ComponentType<{ className?: string }>;
   path: string;
+  // Permission ("resource:action") the destination page requires. When set, the
+  // item is hidden unless the user is an admin or has that permission granted.
+  // When omitted, the item is admin-only.
+  permission?: string;
 }
 
 interface NavGroup {
@@ -53,41 +57,65 @@ interface NavGroup {
   items: NavItem[];
 }
 
+// Each item is gated by the permission its page's API actually requires, so a
+// menu only appears when the user can use the page behind it. Admins bypass all
+// checks. Items without a `permission` are admin-only (no user-facing API).
 const navGroups: NavGroup[] = [
   {
     title: 'Infrastructure',
     items: [
-      { label: 'Dashboard', icon: LayoutDashboard, path: '/dashboard' },
+      { label: 'Dashboard', icon: LayoutDashboard, path: '/dashboard', permission: 'dashboard:view' },
-      { label: 'Instances', icon: Monitor, path: '/instances' },
+      { label: 'Instances', icon: Monitor, path: '/instances', permission: 'vm:view' },
-      { label: 'Nodes', icon: Server, path: '/nodes' },
+      { label: 'Nodes', icon: Server, path: '/nodes', permission: 'server:view' },
-      { label: 'Cluster', icon: Network, path: '/cluster' },
+      { label: 'Cluster', icon: Network, path: '/cluster', permission: 'cluster:manage' },
-      { label: 'Templates', icon: HardDrive, path: '/templates' },
+      { label: 'Templates', icon: HardDrive, path: '/templates', permission: 'template:view' },
-      { label: 'Images', icon: HardDriveDownload, path: '/images' },
+      { label: 'Images', icon: HardDriveDownload, path: '/images', permission: 'template:manage' },
-      { label: 'Backups', icon: Archive, path: '/backups' },
+      { label: 'Backups', icon: Archive, path: '/backups', permission: 'backup:view' },
-      { label: 'Tasks', icon: ClipboardList, path: '/tasks' },
+      { label: 'Tasks', icon: ClipboardList, path: '/tasks', permission: 'vm:view' },
     ],
   },
   {
     title: 'Network',
     items: [
-      { label: 'IPAM', icon: Globe, path: '/ipam' },
+      { label: 'IPAM', icon: Globe, path: '/ipam', permission: 'ipam:view' },
-      { label: 'Networks', icon: Network, path: '/networks' },
+      { label: 'Networks', icon: Network, path: '/networks', permission: 'server:manage' },
     ],
   },
   {
     title: 'Management',
     items: [
-      { label: 'Users', icon: Users, path: '/users' },
+      { label: 'Users', icon: Users, path: '/users', permission: 'user:view' },
-      { label: 'Workspaces', icon: FolderKanban, path: '/workspaces' },
+      { label: 'Workspaces', icon: FolderKanban, path: '/workspaces' }, // admin-only
-      { label: 'Logs', icon: FileText, path: '/logs' },
+      { label: 'Logs', icon: FileText, path: '/logs', permission: 'log:view' },
-      { label: 'Settings', icon: Settings, path: '/settings' },
+      { label: 'Settings', icon: Settings, path: '/settings', permission: 'setting:view' },
     ],
   },
 ];
 
+/** Whether the current user may see a given nav item. Admins see everything. */
+function canSeeNavItem(
+  item: NavItem,
+  isAdmin: boolean,
+  permissions: Record<string, boolean> | undefined,
+): boolean {
+  if (isAdmin) return true;
+  if (!item.permission) return false; // admin-only item
+  return !!permissions?.[item.permission];
+}
+
 function SidebarContent() {
   const location = useLocation();
   const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const { user } = useAuthStore();
+  const isAdmin = !!user?.is_admin;
+  const permissions = user?.permissions;
+
+  const visibleGroups = navGroups
+    .map((group) => ({
+      ...group,
+      items: group.items.filter((item) => canSeeNavItem(item, isAdmin, permissions)),
+    }))
+    .filter((group) => group.items.length > 0);
 
   return (
     <div className="flex h-full flex-col">
@@ -100,7 +128,7 @@ function SidebarContent() {
 
       {/* Navigation */}
       <nav className="flex-1 space-y-4 overflow-y-auto px-3 py-4">
-        {navGroups.map((group) => (
+        {visibleGroups.map((group) => (
           <div key={group.title}>
             <p className="mb-1.5 px-2 text-[11px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-muted-foreground">
               {t(`nav.${group.title.toLowerCase()}`, group.title)}

frontend/src/locales/en.json

@@ -849,7 +849,18 @@
     "event_type": "Event Type",
     "workspaces": "Workspaces",
     "no_workspaces": "No workspaces",
-    "workspace_required": "User must belong to the server's workspace"
+    "workspace_required": "User must belong to the server's workspace",
+    "quota": {
+      "manage": "Quotas (limits)",
+      "hint": "Leave a field empty for no limit on that metric.",
+      "instances": "Max instances (VM + LXC)",
+      "cores": "Max vCPU (cores)",
+      "memory_mb": "Max RAM (MB)",
+      "disk_gb": "Max disk (GB)",
+      "used": "Used",
+      "unlimited": "unlimited",
+      "saved": "Quota saved"
+    }
   },
   "workspaces": {
     "create": "Create Workspace",

frontend/src/locales/ru.json

@@ -849,7 +849,18 @@
     "event_type": "Тип события",
     "workspaces": "Рабочие области",
     "no_workspaces": "Нет рабочих областей",
-    "workspace_required": "Пользователь должен принадлежать рабочей области сервера"
+    "workspace_required": "Пользователь должен принадлежать рабочей области сервера",
+    "quota": {
+      "manage": "Квоты (лимиты)",
+      "hint": "Пустое поле — без ограничения по этой метрике.",
+      "instances": "Макс. инстансов (VM + LXC)",
+      "cores": "Макс. vCPU (ядер)",
+      "memory_mb": "Макс. RAM (МБ)",
+      "disk_gb": "Макс. диск (ГБ)",
+      "used": "Использовано",
+      "unlimited": "без лимита",
+      "saved": "Квоты сохранены"
+    }
   },
   "workspaces": {
     "create": "Создать рабочую область",

frontend/src/types/index.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ export interface User {
   failed_login_attempts?: number;
   locked_until?: string | null;
   require_password_change?: boolean;
-  permissions?: string[];
+  // Map of "resource:action" -> granted. Admins receive every permission.
+  permissions?: Record<string, boolean>;
 }
 
 export interface LoginRequest {